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Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction

A ramp for wheelchairs is an important tool for helping a loved one to live independently in their home. If they are not designed correctly they can be dangerous to use.

ADA regulations require that landings must be level with any shift in direction to avoid compound slopes. They also require a surface that is gripping for wheelchair ramp incline users.

Design

The ramp's design should be in line with the Americans with Disabilities Act standards so that wheelchairs are able to maneuver the structure with ease. The ramp's slope shouldn't exceed a 1:12 ratio and the landings must be level at any change of direction or change in the ramp's surface. It must also be constructed using treated lumber which is more durable than untreated and can withstand the effects of rain better.

The ramp's top and bottom should be free of obstructions like trees or bushes, or any other structures which could hinder the user's safe passage. Additionally, the ramp's surface must be hard and non-slip. Some municipalities require that the entire ramp be covered with an anti-slip surface.

For the frame of the ramp Choose treated lumber that is at least 4 inches wide. Build posts to secure the ramp, making sure they are at least eight feet apart and that they extend beyond ground level. Spindles should be used to join the posts with the railings of the ramp. This type of connection is preferred since it decreases the chance of the ramp operator falling off the edge of the ramp.

Then, you can build the frame of the ramp using beams that measure 2 by 4 inches in size and joists that are at minimum 16 inches long. The joists should be placed at least 18 inches above the ground and secured using hangings for joists, which are nails that fit within the joists to stop them from sliding. Attach the ramp decking with a framing nailer.

Add an upper landing near the doorway to enable people with disabilities to navigate the doorswing without difficulty. The landing should be 12 to 24 inches on the handle side of out-swinging doors. For in-swing doors the landing should be at least 58 by 60 inches to accommodate the door's threshold and a person using wheelchair who has to roll backward through the doorway.

Install an elevated landing at every alteration in the direction of the ramp to prevent the requirement for wheelchairs to step on their brakes as they turn corners. A level landing makes it simpler to move a ramp out of the way if required, so that equipment such as lawnmowers can be able to pass underneath it.

Materials

The material used to build ramps for wheelchairs could be wood, concrete or aluminum. A professional ramp installer will assist you in choosing the right option for your home or office. It is essential to take into consideration your individual needs and budget when selecting the materials for the ramp. The ramp should be simple to maintain, and it must be safe to use. Some cities require that the ramp be covered with a non-slip surface.

Before you purchase any material or begin construction, make sure that you have the necessary permits from your local authority and that you follow all building codes within your area. Incorrect construction materials or techniques could create hazardous conditions for wheelchair users. You can get the most up-to-date information regarding construction requirements at your local building department office library or online.

Wood ramps are often the most affordable alternative for ADA ramp materials. However, they require more maintenance. The surface of wood ramps must be regularly treated with a sealer in order to stop rot and warping. Wood can splinter, which is particularly hazardous for those who are in wheelchairs. Wood ramps may also require additional support in order to ensure the structure is maintained.

Concrete ramps are expensive, but are durable and long lasting. They are heavy, which means more labor is required to install them and can make it difficult to move the ramp when no longer needed. Concrete ramps are sturdy enough to support the weight of power wheelchairs.

Aluminum ramps are less heavy and less expensive than steel or concrete. They also have the same durability, strength and resistance to corrosion. They are also less expensive than iron and steel, making them an excellent option for those with a tight budget. Aluminum is environmentally friendly because it is found in the earth's crust naturally and is recyclable.

The upper ramp's landing needs to be at a level, or within 3/8 inch of the threshold to allow the smaller front wheels of wheelchairs to move over it without getting stuck. Ramps with gaps that is larger than this will not comply with ADA standards. Also, ensure that the ramp transitions smoothly from the upper landing to the ground. The last section of the ramp should have an angled transition to prevent the abrupt stop of wheelchairs when they enter or exit a dwelling.

Installation

A wheelchair ramp is a ramp that has a plane ramp that can be used as an alternative or in the place of steps. It allows wheelchair users, as well as those who use strollers or carts to access areas that would otherwise be difficult to access.

There are several considerations when choosing a ramp for a wheelchair, including location, height and cost. The ramp should be placed closest to the door to avoid unnecessary traveling. It should be placed at a height that the person using it is able to easily navigate. It should also be properly secured to the ground and clear of obstructions, such as the trees or cars parked.

ADA regulations stipulate that ramps must have handrails on either side. The rails must be at 36 inches apart and have a gripping surface that is rounded or smooth. In addition, they must be affixed to the ramp and extend at least 12 inches beyond the edge of the ramp. Handrails must be continuous when the ramp is designed with switchbacks, or in an L-shaped layout.

The length of the ramp is determined by the incline. However there are a few standard ramp types which are suitable for all situations. A threshold ramp, for instance is a ramp that is flush with the lip of the curb or the threshold of the doorway. portable aluminum wheelchair ramps ramps are however are able to be moved to a new location and are available in a variety of sizes. Modular aluminum ramps may also be built on-site. They are typically used in public or commercial spaces and are usually longer than the threshold and portable ramps.

Check with your city's construction department to determine if a permit is required for an enduring ramp. You should also speak to a mobility specialist about the type of ramp that will work best for your space and needs. In some instances the installation of a permanent ramp can even increase the resale value of your home.

Maintenance

It is essential to maintain your wheelchair ramp especially if it will be used regularly. You'll need to perform regular inspections, and fix any structural issues that occur. This will ensure that the ramp complies with all ADA requirements and is safe for all users.

Regular cleaning of wooden ramps is essential to remove debris and dirt that can block access. Keeping the ramp clean will also stop moisture from trapping under the surface and creating the onset of rot. Preservatives and stains for wood will only work when the ramp has been thoroughly cleaned before application.